As dog owners, it’s natural to worry when your furry friend isn’t acting like themselves. Since dogs can’t tell us directly when they’re not feeling well, we need to know what signs to look for that may indicate a health issue. Here’s how to tell if your dog is sick, and what might be causing your dog's health concerns.
How to Tell if Your Dog Is Sick
"Is my dog sick?" It's a question you've probably asked yourself a time or two if your pup isn't acting like they normally do. Maybe they aren't as excited as normal to go on a walk, or they haven't played with their favorite toy in a while. But dogs also have a way of masking their discomfort, so noticing the signs early on can help you take action before a small problem becomes a serious one.
Behavioral Changes
Dogs often express their feelings through their behavior. A change in your dog's behavior can be an early clue that something is off, even before other signs come up.
1. Increased Lethargy or Fatigue
If your dog is spending more time lying down or seems less interested in playtime or walks, it could be a sign of illness. Lethargy could be due to a number of issues—from minor viral infections to more serious problems such as kidney or liver disease.
2. New or Unexplained Aggression
Sudden aggression or irritability can be a red flag that your dog is in pain or discomfort. This behavioral change could be due to anything from an internal injury, arthritis, or even neurological problems in senior dogs. If your usually friendly pup starts snapping or growling, look out for any additional symptoms that your dog's health may be in danger.
Changes in Appetite
Normal dogs tend to keep a pretty regular appetite and feeding schedule. Changes in eating habits can indicate anything from minor digestive issues to significant health conditions.
3. Unexplained Weight Loss
Weight loss that isn’t due to a change in your dog's diet or increased exercise can be concerning. Conditions such as diabetes, parasites, or even cancer could be behind this sudden drop in weight. If your dog is eating as usual but still experiencing sudden weight loss, it’s time to get them checked out.
4. Unexplained Weight Gain
On the other hand, if your dog's weight is increasing rapidly, it could be a sign of hypothyroidism or other metabolic disorders. It could also indicate fluid retention related to heart disease. Keep an eye on your dog’s eating habits and exercise levels, and if their weight changes without explanation, consult your veterinarian.
5. Increased Thirst
While dogs do drink more water on hot days or after physical activity, a significant change in their drinking habits that seems out of the ordinary can point to diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, or Cushing’s disease. If your dog is suddenly lapping up water more frequently or emptying their bowl faster than usual, this is worth noting.
Digestive Issues
One of the most obvious signs that your dog is sick is sudden and prolonged digestive issues. Occasional stomach troubles are normal, but when symptoms persist, they can point to underlying problems that need attention.
6. Excessive Diarrhea
Occasional loose stools can happen, but frequent or persistent diarrhea is a sign that something isn’t right. Always keep your dog hydrated if they have diarrhea and seek veterinary advice if it continues.
7. Vomiting
A dog might throw up after eating too quickly or getting into something unusual, but repeated vomiting is more concerning. If your dog is vomiting frequently or appears in distress, reach out to your vet.
Physical Symptoms
There are many physical signs you can look out for that may indicate your pet's health is in danger. Your dog may have trouble breathing or walking, or you may even notice more subtle signs such as changes to the color of your dog's eyes, pale gums, or itchy skin.
8. Trouble Walking
If your dog seems to be limping or is reluctant to put weight on a leg, this could be due to joint pain, arthritis, or an injury such as a sprain or ligament tear. Dogs that appear stiff after getting up or have difficulty with stairs might also be suffering from orthopedic problems or neurological disorders.
9. Trouble Breathing or Excessive Panting
Panting is normal after play or when it’s warm out, but if your dog is panting excessively or seems to be struggling to catch their breath, it’s a potential sign of respiratory or cardiovascular issues. Dogs with brachycephalic (short-nosed) faces are especially prone to respiratory distress, but any breed can develop breathing problems that require attention.
10. Bad Breath
Bad breath isn’t just unpleasant; it can be a sign of dental disease, oral infections, or even systemic illnesses like kidney disease. If brushing your dog’s teeth doesn’t improve their breath, have a vet check for underlying conditions.
11. Fever or Warm Nose
While a warm or dry nose isn’t always an indicator of illness, it can be if combined with other symptoms. A fever may point to an infection, such as a respiratory or ear infection. If your dog’s nose is persistently warm and dry, check for other signs and consider taking their temperature (normal is between 101°F and 102.5°F).
12. Respiratory Problems
Coughing, wheezing, or a persistent runny nose could indicate an infection, allergies, or a more serious condition like kennel cough or bronchitis.
13. Difficulty Urinating
If your dog is straining to urinate, whining while trying to pee, or showing signs of blood in their urine, this could be a symptom of a urinary tract infection, bladder stones, or other urinary issues. These conditions can be painful and need veterinary intervention promptly.
Skin & Coat Issues
Your dog’s skin and coat are good indicators of their internal health. Sick dogs may show common signs of illness such as a dull coat or itchy, irritated skin. Keep an eye out for a change in your dog's coat or sudden shedding—this may indicate an illness or allergies.
14. Dull Coat
A healthy dog’s coat should be shiny and smooth. If your dog’s fur looks dull, brittle, or feels coarse, it could be due to poor nutrition, parasites, or thyroid issues.
15. Excessive Shedding
Most dogs shed to some degree, but excessive shedding that is abnormal for their breed can be a sign of skin problems, allergies, or stress. If you notice bald patches or thinning hair, it’s time to consult with your vet to rule out more serious conditions like mange or hormonal imbalances.
16. Frequent Scratching
Nonstop scratching can indicate fleas, mites, or skin allergies. Dogs with sensitive skin may also react to food, seasonal pollen, or even changes in grooming products. Watch for red or inflamed areas on their skin and consult a vet for the best course of treatment.
Sensitivity to Touch
Dogs that become sensitive to touch or show signs of pain when petted are trying to tell you something. Whether it’s joint pain, injury, or an internal issue, sensitivity to touch is a clear sign that something is wrong with your pet's health.
17. Whining or Yelping
If your dog cries out when touched, they may be experiencing pain. This could be from an injury, joint issues, or internal problems like an inflamed organ. Dogs who whine or yelp when handled should be examined by a vet to find the source of their pain.
18. Avoiding Being Touched
Similarly, dogs who normally enjoy being petted but suddenly avoid touch may be experiencing pain or discomfort. This behavior could be due to joint pain, injury, or even underlying illnesses affecting their overall well-being. Monitor their response and visit your vet if your dog's behavior continues.
What to Do For a Sick Dog
If you've noticed changes in your dog's behavior, sudden changes in their eating habits, or other symptoms that have you concerned, it's always a good idea to contact your veterinarian. In the meantime, here are some things you can do at home.
Keep Them Hydrated
One of the most important things you can do if your dog is sick is make sure they stay hydrated, especially if they're experiencing persistent diarrhea or vomiting, which can cause dehydration. Make sure fresh water (in a clean water bowl) is readily available, and if they're still struggling to drink, consider adding a small amount of low-sodium bone broth or beef broth.
Make a Comfortable Space for Your Dog
Provide a quiet, comfortable place where your dog will feel safe. This can reduce stress while they recover or until you can see a vet. Make sure they have a comfortable bed and a blanket or their favorite toy.
Know When to Contact Your Veterinarian For a Sick Dog
If your pet's symptoms persist for more than 24 hours or if they suddenly worsen, contact your veterinarian right away to schedule an emergency appointment. Early intervention can make a significant difference in your dog’s recovery and prevent further health complications.
